Useful terms
MEGA CITIES:
Very large agglomerations of at least 8 million inhabitants; the UN lists 22 mega cities of the developing world circa 2000: Mexico City, Lima, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Lagos, Cairo, Istanbul, Tehran, Karachi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi, Calcutta, Bangkok, Dhaka, Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing, Seoul, Metro Manilla, Jakarta.
WORLD CITY:
A large city that has outstripped its national urban network and become part of an international global system; centres of political power, world trade and communications, leaders in banking and finance, stage, world entertainment and sporting spectacles, the headquarters of NGOs and tourist meccas. They are command centres in the borderless domain of the new global economy.
URBANISATION:
the process by which the population of a country or nationstate becomes increasingly located in urban areas through both population growth in urban centres and rural-urban migration.
OVER URBANISATION:
More urban resident than the economy of a city can support
URBAN DYNAMICS:
The body of theory which attempts to explain and describe the processes of change occurring in cities.
SPATIAL INTERDEPENDENCE:
The degree to which phenomena depend on each other for development and/or survival. Spatial interdependance implies that a spaitial association exisits.
SPATIAL EXCLUSION: Refers to the defence of luxury lifestyles which have resulted in restrictions in spatial access and the freedom of movement of other urban dwellers. It is manifest is high security suburbs, walled estates and security conscious retail-business complexes.
SLUM:
The word “slum” is often used to describe informal settlements within cities that have inadequate housing and squalid, miserable living conditions. They are often overcrowded, with many people crammed into very small living spaces, lack basic municipal services such as water, sanitation, waste collection, storm drainage, street lighting, paved sidewalks. Like all informal settlements, housing in slums is built on land that the occupant does not have a legal claim to and without any urban planning or adherence to zoning regulations.Today, more than one billion people in the world live in slums. In the developing world, one out of every three people living in cities lives in a slum. Other commons for slums include squatter settlements, favelas, kampong, ghetto, basti or shanti town.
SQUATTER RESETTLEMENT:
The process by which local authorities remove and relocated communites of slum dwellers to another part of the city in order to reclaim land and use it for another purpose.
FORMAL SECTOR:
The area of economic acitivity that is formally recorded by the state; that is, the area in which it can intervene directly or indirectly.
INFORMAL SECTOR:
Economic activities that ae not regulated by labout and taxation laws or monitored for inclusion by GDP estimates. It includes, for example, street vendors.
SANITATION:
Services and infrastucture put in place to ensure that habital spaces and their environments are abled to be cleaned and free from disease. They include running water, sewerage systems, toilets and waste disposal.
URBAN PLANNER: a person whose job it is to plan and strategise the development of urban places with respect to land uses, infrastructure and services with the aim of improving the quality of life for residents and facilitiating the social and economic development of the city.
Very large agglomerations of at least 8 million inhabitants; the UN lists 22 mega cities of the developing world circa 2000: Mexico City, Lima, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Lagos, Cairo, Istanbul, Tehran, Karachi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi, Calcutta, Bangkok, Dhaka, Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing, Seoul, Metro Manilla, Jakarta.
WORLD CITY:
A large city that has outstripped its national urban network and become part of an international global system; centres of political power, world trade and communications, leaders in banking and finance, stage, world entertainment and sporting spectacles, the headquarters of NGOs and tourist meccas. They are command centres in the borderless domain of the new global economy.
URBANISATION:
the process by which the population of a country or nationstate becomes increasingly located in urban areas through both population growth in urban centres and rural-urban migration.
OVER URBANISATION:
More urban resident than the economy of a city can support
URBAN DYNAMICS:
The body of theory which attempts to explain and describe the processes of change occurring in cities.
SPATIAL INTERDEPENDENCE:
The degree to which phenomena depend on each other for development and/or survival. Spatial interdependance implies that a spaitial association exisits.
SPATIAL EXCLUSION: Refers to the defence of luxury lifestyles which have resulted in restrictions in spatial access and the freedom of movement of other urban dwellers. It is manifest is high security suburbs, walled estates and security conscious retail-business complexes.
SLUM:
The word “slum” is often used to describe informal settlements within cities that have inadequate housing and squalid, miserable living conditions. They are often overcrowded, with many people crammed into very small living spaces, lack basic municipal services such as water, sanitation, waste collection, storm drainage, street lighting, paved sidewalks. Like all informal settlements, housing in slums is built on land that the occupant does not have a legal claim to and without any urban planning or adherence to zoning regulations.Today, more than one billion people in the world live in slums. In the developing world, one out of every three people living in cities lives in a slum. Other commons for slums include squatter settlements, favelas, kampong, ghetto, basti or shanti town.
SQUATTER RESETTLEMENT:
The process by which local authorities remove and relocated communites of slum dwellers to another part of the city in order to reclaim land and use it for another purpose.
FORMAL SECTOR:
The area of economic acitivity that is formally recorded by the state; that is, the area in which it can intervene directly or indirectly.
INFORMAL SECTOR:
Economic activities that ae not regulated by labout and taxation laws or monitored for inclusion by GDP estimates. It includes, for example, street vendors.
SANITATION:
Services and infrastucture put in place to ensure that habital spaces and their environments are abled to be cleaned and free from disease. They include running water, sewerage systems, toilets and waste disposal.
URBAN PLANNER: a person whose job it is to plan and strategise the development of urban places with respect to land uses, infrastructure and services with the aim of improving the quality of life for residents and facilitiating the social and economic development of the city.